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Country profile

Russia

At a glance

  • Russia has a population of about 143.5M; its total GDP of $2.6T ranks #8 of 168 countries with data.
  • Its surface area of 16,926,537 km² is about 89× the world median of 190,157 km².
  • CO₂ emissions (total) stands out most against the median: 2,009 Mt — rank #4 of 165 countries with data.

Russia: all 46 metrics vs the world median

Metric Value Rank vs median
Population & land
Population 143.5M (2025) #9 / 169 median 11.5M · 12×
Population growth -0.1% (2025) #146 / 169 N/A
Urban population share 75.3% (2025) #50 / 169 median 63.8% · 1.2×
Population aged 65+ 17.8% (2025) #39 / 169 median 7.4% · 2.4×
Fertility rate 1.4 (2024) #136 / 169 median 2.1 · 68%
Birth rate 8.4‰ (2024) #145 / 169 median 16.0‰ · 53%
Death rate 12.4‰ (2024) #13 / 169 median 7.1‰ · 1.7×
Net migration -251.8K (2025) #160 / 169 N/A
Surface area 16,926,537 km² #1 / 176 median 190,157 km² · 89×
Population density derived 8.5/km² (2025) #157 / 169 median 73.2/km² · 12%
Economy
GDP (total) $2.6T (2025) #8 / 168 median $80.7B · 32×
GDP per capita $17,847 (2025) #55 / 168 median $6,834 · 2.6×
GNI per capita $15,960 (2025) #55 / 168 median $6,350 · 2.5×
GDP growth (annual) 1.0% (2025) #136 / 168 median 3.1% · 33%
Inflation rate 8.7% (2025) #28 / 162 median 3.3% · 2.6×
Unemployment rate 2.1% (2025) #153 / 168 median 5.1% · 41%
Gini index 33.0 (2023) #101 / 153 median 35.3 · 93%
Poverty rate ($2.15/day) 0.1% (2023) #138 / 153 median 2.5% · 4%
Trade & industry
Exports share of GDP 18.2% (2025) #133 / 163 median 35.0% · 52%
Imports share of GDP 15.5% (2025) #156 / 163 median 40.2% · 39%
Agriculture share of GDP 3.1% (2025) #117 / 168 median 7.2% · 43%
Manufacturing share of GDP 13.7% (2025) #51 / 165 median 11.2% · 1.2×
International tourist arrivals 6.4M (2020) #30 / 162 median 1.1M · 5.6×
Tourism receipts $5B (2020) #32 / 165 median $705M · 7.0×
Health & education
Life expectancy 73.4 years (2024) #89 / 169 median 73.8 years · 100%
Infant mortality 4.1‰ (2024) #132 / 166 median 13.1‰ · 31%
Under-five mortality 5.2‰ (2024) #131 / 166 median 15.8‰ · 33%
DPT immunization 97.0% (2024) #29 / 166 median 90.5% · 1.1×
Hospital beds 6.8 per 1,000 (2023) #10 / 167 median 2.0 per 1,000 · 3.4×
Health spending share of GDP 7.0% (2023) #75 / 165 median 6.5% · 1.1×
Secondary school enrollment 92.5% (2023) #74 / 167 median 90.5% · 1.0×
Education spending share of GDP 4.2% (2023) #82 / 165 median 4.1% · 1.0×
Society & living
Human Development Index 0.832 (2023) #54 / 165 median 0.754 · 1.1×
Internet users 94.4% (2024) #24 / 169 median 81.5% · 1.2×
Mobile subscriptions 186.1 per 100 (2024) #5 / 169 median 116.4 per 100 · 1.6×
Fixed broadband 27.1 per 100 (2024) #50 / 168 median 12.1 per 100 · 2.2×
Electricity access 100.0% (2024) #61 / 169 median 99.9% · 1.0×
Environment & security
CO₂ emissions per capita 14.0 t (2024) #11 / 165 median 2.6 t · 5.3×
CO₂ emissions (total) derived 2,009 Mt (2024) #4 / 165 median 21.3 Mt · 94×
Renewable electricity share 19.2% (2021) #114 / 169 median 34.1% · 56%
Renewable energy consumption 3.5% (2021) #150 / 169 median 26.9% · 13%
Forest area 49.8% (2023) #39 / 169 median 32.4% · 1.5×
Agricultural land 13.2% (2023) #143 / 169 median 41.7% · 32%
Arable land 7.4% (2023) #100 / 168 median 11.0% · 67%
PM2.5 exposure 11.6 µg/m³ (2023) #136 / 168 median 19.8 µg/m³ · 58%
Military spending 7.1% (2024) #6 / 157 median 1.8% · 3.9×

Ranks are value-descending and count only the countries that have data for that metric (#1 = highest value); N/A rows occupy no rank.

The median is the unweighted middle value across the countries with data (gold tick) — not a world average. Bars grow with the value: reaching the tick means matching the median, and a full bar means twice the median or more. The median value and this country's multiple are noted under each bar.

Russia's true-shape outline

Russia's border outline from Natural Earth 1:110m boundaries — total surface area 16,926,537 km².

Russia head-to-head pages

Russia vs China: side-by-side comparison

Russia vs United States: side-by-side comparison

Russia vs Ukraine: side-by-side comparison

Russia vs Canada: side-by-side comparison

Open Russia in the interactive compare tool →

See Russia's true size on the drag-and-drop map →

Measure the distance to Russia →

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Data & method

Indicators: World Bank Open Data, 43 indicators — CC BY 4.0 © World Bank — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/; Human Development Index — CC BY 3.0 IGO © United Nations Development Programme — https://hdr.undp.org/terms-use

Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:110m (public domain); surface areas are computed with an equal-area spherical formula (Chamberlin–Duquette).

Reference facts (capital, languages, currencies, subregion): mledoze/countries (ODbL).