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Turkmenistan

At a glance

  • Turkmenistan has a population of about 7.6M; its total GDP of $49.8B ranks #95 of 168 countries with data.
  • Its surface area of 480,290 km² is about 2.5× the world median of 190,157 km².
  • Renewable electricity share stands out most against the median: 0.0% — rank #169 of 169 countries with data.

Turkmenistan: all 46 metrics vs the world median

Metric Value Rank vs median
Population & land
Population 7.6M (2025) #103 / 169 median 11.5M · 66%
Population growth 1.6% (2025) #59 / 169 median 1.1% · 1.5×
Urban population share 47.1% (2025) #122 / 169 median 63.8% · 74%
Population aged 65+ 4.8% (2025) #110 / 169 median 7.4% · 65%
Fertility rate 2.7 (2024) #58 / 169 median 2.1 · 1.3×
Birth rate 20.9‰ (2024) #61 / 169 median 16.0‰ · 1.3×
Death rate 5.8‰ (2024) #127 / 169 median 7.1‰ · 82%
Net migration 13.3K (2025) #36 / 169 N/A
Surface area 480,290 km² #54 / 176 median 190,157 km² · 2.5×
Population density derived 15.9/km² (2025) #151 / 169 median 73.2/km² · 22%
Economy
GDP (total) $49.8B (2025) #95 / 168 median $80.7B · 62%
GDP per capita $6,540 (2025) #89 / 168 median $6,834 · 96%
GNI per capita $6,340 (2025) #85 / 168 median $6,350 · 100%
GDP growth (annual) 6.3% (2025) #28 / 168 median 3.1% · 2.0×
Inflation rate N/A N/A N/A
Unemployment rate 4.3% (2025) #104 / 168 median 5.1% · 83%
Gini index 40.8 (1998) #37 / 153 median 35.3 · 1.2×
Poverty rate ($2.15/day) 35.1% (1998) #31 / 153 median 2.5% · 14×
Trade & industry
Exports share of GDP 14.5% (2025) #146 / 163 median 35.0% · 41%
Imports share of GDP 13.7% (2025) #160 / 163 median 40.2% · 34%
Agriculture share of GDP 12.4% (2025) #57 / 168 median 7.2% · 1.7×
Manufacturing share of GDP 20.5% (2004) #16 / 165 median 11.2% · 1.8×
International tourist arrivals 380K (1998) #122 / 162 median 1.1M · 34%
Tourism receipts $46M (1997) #146 / 165 median $705M · 7%
Health & education
Life expectancy 70.2 years (2024) #113 / 169 median 73.8 years · 95%
Infant mortality 30.4‰ (2024) #43 / 166 median 13.1‰ · 2.3×
Under-five mortality 39.0‰ (2024) #40 / 166 median 15.8‰ · 2.5×
DPT immunization 98.0% (2024) #20 / 166 median 90.5% · 1.1×
Hospital beds 3.6 per 1,000 (2021) #43 / 167 median 2.0 per 1,000 · 1.8×
Health spending share of GDP 5.5% (2023) #101 / 165 median 6.5% · 84%
Secondary school enrollment 94.6% (2024) #67 / 167 median 90.5% · 1.0×
Education spending share of GDP 4.3% (2024) #77 / 165 median 4.1% · 1.0×
Society & living
Human Development Index 0.764 (2023) #78 / 165 median 0.754 · 1.0×
Internet users 18.0% (2016) #158 / 169 median 81.5% · 22%
Mobile subscriptions 88.2 per 100 (2021) #129 / 169 median 116.4 per 100 · 76%
Fixed broadband 5.2 per 100 (2022) #106 / 168 median 12.1 per 100 · 43%
Electricity access 100.0% (2024) #75 / 169 median 99.9% · 1.0×
Environment & security
CO₂ emissions per capita 10.9 t (2024) #15 / 165 median 2.6 t · 4.1×
CO₂ emissions (total) derived 81.4 Mt (2024) #44 / 165 median 21.3 Mt · 3.8×
Renewable electricity share 0.0% (2021) #169 / 169 median 34.1% · <1%
Renewable energy consumption 0.1% (2021) #167 / 169 median 26.9% · <1%
Forest area 8.8% (2023) #136 / 169 median 32.4% · 27%
Agricultural land 84.2% (2023) #2 / 169 median 41.7% · 2.0×
Arable land 3.4% (2023) #129 / 168 median 11.0% · 31%
PM2.5 exposure 31.2 µg/m³ (2023) #44 / 168 median 19.8 µg/m³ · 1.6×
Military spending 2.9% (1999) #32 / 157 median 1.8% · 1.6×

Ranks are value-descending and count only the countries that have data for that metric (#1 = highest value); N/A rows occupy no rank.

The median is the unweighted middle value across the countries with data (gold tick) — not a world average. Bars grow with the value: reaching the tick means matching the median, and a full bar means twice the median or more. The median value and this country's multiple are noted under each bar.

Turkmenistan's true-shape outline

Turkmenistan's border outline from Natural Earth 1:110m boundaries — total surface area 480,290 km².

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Data & method

Indicators: World Bank Open Data, 43 indicators — CC BY 4.0 © World Bank — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/; Human Development Index — CC BY 3.0 IGO © United Nations Development Programme — https://hdr.undp.org/terms-use

Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:110m (public domain); surface areas are computed with an equal-area spherical formula (Chamberlin–Duquette).

Reference facts (capital, languages, currencies, subregion): mledoze/countries (ODbL).