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Country profile

Saudi Arabia

At a glance

  • Saudi Arabia has a population of about 37M; its total GDP of $1.3T ranks #19 of 168 countries with data.
  • Its surface area of 1,924,285 km² is about 10× the world median of 190,157 km².
  • Renewable electricity share stands out most against the median: 0.1% — rank #166 of 169 countries with data.

Saudi Arabia: all 46 metrics vs the world median

Metric Value Rank vs median
Population & land
Population 37M (2025) #43 / 169 median 11.5M · 3.2×
Population growth 4.6% (2025) #2 / 169 median 1.1% · 4.2×
Urban population share 84.6% (2025) #28 / 169 median 63.8% · 1.3×
Population aged 65+ 3.1% (2025) #148 / 169 median 7.4% · 41%
Fertility rate 2.3 (2024) #72 / 169 median 2.1 · 1.1×
Birth rate 16.5‰ (2024) #82 / 169 median 16.0‰ · 1.0×
Death rate 2.3‰ (2024) #165 / 169 median 7.1‰ · 33%
Net migration 119.7K (2025) #13 / 169 N/A
Surface area 1,924,285 km² #15 / 176 median 190,157 km² · 10×
Population density derived 19.2/km² (2025) #141 / 169 median 73.2/km² · 26%
Economy
GDP (total) $1.3T (2025) #19 / 168 median $80.7B · 16×
GDP per capita $34,537 (2025) #31 / 168 median $6,834 · 5.1×
GNI per capita $36,070 (2025) #29 / 168 median $6,350 · 5.7×
GDP growth (annual) 4.5% (2025) #50 / 168 median 3.1% · 1.5×
Inflation rate 2.1% (2025) #112 / 162 median 3.3% · 63%
Unemployment rate 3.0% (2025) #134 / 168 median 5.1% · 59%
Gini index N/A N/A N/A
Poverty rate ($2.15/day) N/A N/A N/A
Trade & industry
Exports share of GDP 29.7% (2025) #100 / 163 median 35.0% · 85%
Imports share of GDP 28.2% (2025) #122 / 163 median 40.2% · 70%
Agriculture share of GDP 2.6% (2025) #126 / 168 median 7.2% · 36%
Manufacturing share of GDP 15.8% (2025) #34 / 165 median 11.2% · 1.4×
International tourist arrivals 20.3M (2019) #13 / 162 median 1.1M · 18×
Tourism receipts $6B (2020) #29 / 165 median $705M · 8.5×
Health & education
Life expectancy 79.0 years (2024) #38 / 169 median 73.8 years · 1.1×
Infant mortality 4.7‰ (2024) #126 / 166 median 13.1‰ · 36%
Under-five mortality 6.0‰ (2024) #123 / 166 median 15.8‰ · 38%
DPT immunization 97.0% (2024) #30 / 166 median 90.5% · 1.1×
Hospital beds 2.4 per 1,000 (2023) #73 / 167 median 2.0 per 1,000 · 1.2×
Health spending share of GDP 5.7% (2023) #96 / 165 median 6.5% · 87%
Secondary school enrollment 110.7% (2024) #18 / 167 median 90.5% · 1.2×
Education spending share of GDP 4.5% (2023) #68 / 165 median 4.1% · 1.1×
Society & living
Human Development Index 0.900 (2023) #31 / 165 median 0.754 · 1.2×
Internet users 100.0% (2024) #2 / 169 median 81.5% · 1.2×
Mobile subscriptions 159.5 per 100 (2024) #18 / 169 median 116.4 per 100 · 1.4×
Fixed broadband 44.1 per 100 (2024) #10 / 168 median 12.1 per 100 · 3.7×
Electricity access 100.0% (2024) #62 / 169 median 99.9% · 1.0×
Environment & security
CO₂ emissions per capita 18.5 t (2024) #6 / 165 median 2.6 t · 7.0×
CO₂ emissions (total) derived 653 Mt (2024) #8 / 165 median 21.3 Mt · 31×
Renewable electricity share 0.1% (2021) #166 / 169 median 34.1% · <1%
Renewable energy consumption 0.1% (2021) #166 / 169 median 26.9% · <1%
Forest area 0.5% (2023) #161 / 169 median 32.4% · 1%
Agricultural land 80.8% (2023) #5 / 169 median 41.7% · 1.9×
Arable land 1.6% (2023) #149 / 168 median 11.0% · 14%
PM2.5 exposure 73.5 µg/m³ (2023) #2 / 168 median 19.8 µg/m³ · 3.7×
Military spending 7.3% (2024) #5 / 157 median 1.8% · 4.0×

Ranks are value-descending and count only the countries that have data for that metric (#1 = highest value); N/A rows occupy no rank.

The median is the unweighted middle value across the countries with data (gold tick) — not a world average. Bars grow with the value: reaching the tick means matching the median, and a full bar means twice the median or more. The median value and this country's multiple are noted under each bar.

Saudi Arabia's true-shape outline

Saudi Arabia's border outline from Natural Earth 1:110m boundaries — total surface area 1,924,285 km².

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Data & method

Indicators: World Bank Open Data, 43 indicators — CC BY 4.0 © World Bank — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/; Human Development Index — CC BY 3.0 IGO © United Nations Development Programme — https://hdr.undp.org/terms-use

Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:110m (public domain); surface areas are computed with an equal-area spherical formula (Chamberlin–Duquette).

Reference facts (capital, languages, currencies, subregion): mledoze/countries (ODbL).