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Country profile

Nepal

At a glance

  • Nepal has a population of about 29.6M; its total GDP of $45.5B ranks #100 of 168 countries with data.
  • Its surface area of 150,930 km² is about 79% of the world median of 190,157 km².
  • CO₂ emissions per capita stands out most against the median: 0.5 t — rank #132 of 165 countries with data.

Nepal: all 46 metrics vs the world median

Metric Value Rank vs median
Population & land
Population 29.6M (2025) #52 / 169 median 11.5M · 2.6×
Population growth -0.1% (2025) #147 / 169 N/A
Urban population share 67.0% (2025) #74 / 169 median 63.8% · 1.0×
Population aged 65+ 6.6% (2025) #94 / 169 median 7.4% · 90%
Fertility rate 2.0 (2024) #91 / 169 median 2.1 · 93%
Birth rate 19.0‰ (2024) #71 / 169 median 16.0‰ · 1.2×
Death rate 7.0‰ (2024) #92 / 169 median 7.1‰ · 98%
Net migration -364.7K (2025) #166 / 169 N/A
Surface area 150,930 km² #94 / 176 median 190,157 km² · 79%
Population density derived 196/km² (2025) #33 / 169 median 73.2/km² · 2.7×
Economy
GDP (total) $45.5B (2025) #100 / 168 median $80.7B · 56%
GDP per capita $1,536 (2025) #137 / 168 median $6,834 · 22%
GNI per capita $1,570 (2025) #136 / 168 median $6,350 · 25%
GDP growth (annual) 4.4% (2025) #52 / 168 median 3.1% · 1.4×
Inflation rate 2.7% (2025) #96 / 162 median 3.3% · 80%
Unemployment rate 10.5% (2025) #32 / 168 median 5.1% · 2.0×
Gini index 30.0 (2022) #123 / 153 median 35.3 · 85%
Poverty rate ($2.15/day) 2.4% (2022) #79 / 153 median 2.5% · 96%
Trade & industry
Exports share of GDP 8.8% (2025) #159 / 163 median 35.0% · 25%
Imports share of GDP 33.7% (2025) #98 / 163 median 40.2% · 84%
Agriculture share of GDP 21.6% (2025) #31 / 168 median 7.2% · 3.0×
Manufacturing share of GDP 5.0% (2025) #145 / 165 median 11.2% · 45%
International tourist arrivals 230K (2020) #133 / 162 median 1.1M · 20%
Tourism receipts $238M (2020) #109 / 165 median $705M · 34%
Health & education
Life expectancy 70.6 years (2024) #110 / 169 median 73.8 years · 96%
Infant mortality 22.2‰ (2024) #60 / 166 median 13.1‰ · 1.7×
Under-five mortality 25.1‰ (2024) #62 / 166 median 15.8‰ · 1.6×
DPT immunization 97.0% (2024) #27 / 166 median 90.5% · 1.1×
Hospital beds 0.5 per 1,000 (2023) #148 / 167 median 2.0 per 1,000 · 27%
Health spending share of GDP 6.2% (2023) #87 / 165 median 6.5% · 94%
Secondary school enrollment 90.4% (2024) #85 / 167 median 90.5% · 100%
Education spending share of GDP 3.7% (2024) #101 / 165 median 4.1% · 89%
Society & living
Human Development Index 0.622 (2023) #119 / 165 median 0.754 · 82%
Internet users 46.3% (2024) #127 / 169 median 81.5% · 57%
Mobile subscriptions 99.8 per 100 (2024) #114 / 169 median 116.4 per 100 · 86%
Fixed broadband 10.1 per 100 (2024) #91 / 168 median 12.1 per 100 · 83%
Electricity access 97.9% (2024) #102 / 169 median 99.9% · 98%
Environment & security
CO₂ emissions per capita 0.5 t (2024) #132 / 165 median 2.6 t · 20%
CO₂ emissions (total) derived 15.9 Mt (2024) #91 / 165 median 21.3 Mt · 74%
Renewable electricity share 84.0% (2021) #23 / 169 median 34.1% · 2.5×
Renewable energy consumption 73.7% (2021) #24 / 169 median 26.9% · 2.7×
Forest area 41.6% (2023) #56 / 169 median 32.4% · 1.3×
Agricultural land 26.1% (2023) #118 / 169 median 41.7% · 63%
Arable land 12.6% (2023) #72 / 168 median 11.0% · 1.1×
PM2.5 exposure 53.2 µg/m³ (2023) #11 / 168 median 19.8 µg/m³ · 2.7×
Military spending 1.0% (2024) #119 / 157 median 1.8% · 54%

Ranks are value-descending and count only the countries that have data for that metric (#1 = highest value); N/A rows occupy no rank.

The median is the unweighted middle value across the countries with data (gold tick) — not a world average. Bars grow with the value: reaching the tick means matching the median, and a full bar means twice the median or more. The median value and this country's multiple are noted under each bar.

Nepal's true-shape outline

Nepal's border outline from Natural Earth 1:110m boundaries — total surface area 150,930 km².

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Data & method

Indicators: World Bank Open Data, 43 indicators — CC BY 4.0 © World Bank — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/; Human Development Index — CC BY 3.0 IGO © United Nations Development Programme — https://hdr.undp.org/terms-use

Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:110m (public domain); surface areas are computed with an equal-area spherical formula (Chamberlin–Duquette).

Reference facts (capital, languages, currencies, subregion): mledoze/countries (ODbL).