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Country profile

Panama

At a glance

  • Panama has a population of about 4.6M; its total GDP of $90.5B ranks #81 of 168 countries with data.
  • Its surface area of 75,594 km² is about 40% of the world median of 190,157 km².
  • GNI per capita stands out most against the median: $19,140 — rank #49 of 168 countries with data.

Panama: all 46 metrics vs the world median

Metric Value Rank vs median
Population & land
Population 4.6M (2025) #126 / 169 median 11.5M · 40%
Population growth 1.2% (2025) #76 / 169 median 1.1% · 1.1×
Urban population share 66.2% (2025) #77 / 169 median 63.8% · 1.0×
Population aged 65+ 9.7% (2025) #69 / 169 median 7.4% · 1.3×
Fertility rate 2.1 (2024) #84 / 169 median 2.1 · 1.0×
Birth rate 15.9‰ (2024) #88 / 169 median 16.0‰ · 99%
Death rate 4.9‰ (2024) #153 / 169 median 7.1‰ · 69%
Net migration 6.2K (2025) #46 / 169 N/A
Surface area 75,594 km² #121 / 176 median 190,157 km² · 40%
Population density derived 60.5/km² (2025) #99 / 169 median 73.2/km² · 83%
Economy
GDP (total) $90.5B (2025) #81 / 168 median $80.7B · 1.1×
GDP per capita $19,790 (2025) #51 / 168 median $6,834 · 2.9×
GNI per capita $19,140 (2025) #49 / 168 median $6,350 · 3.0×
GDP growth (annual) 4.4% (2025) #56 / 168 median 3.1% · 1.4×
Inflation rate -0.2% (2025) #154 / 162 N/A
Unemployment rate 8.4% (2025) #45 / 168 median 5.1% · 1.6×
Gini index 49.7 (2024) #10 / 153 median 35.3 · 1.4×
Poverty rate ($2.15/day) 3.1% (2024) #74 / 153 median 2.5% · 1.2×
Trade & industry
Exports share of GDP 44.4% (2024) #53 / 163 median 35.0% · 1.3×
Imports share of GDP 39.3% (2024) #83 / 163 median 40.2% · 98%
Agriculture share of GDP 2.6% (2025) #124 / 168 median 7.2% · 36%
Manufacturing share of GDP 4.8% (2025) #146 / 165 median 11.2% · 43%
International tourist arrivals 647K (2020) #104 / 162 median 1.1M · 57%
Tourism receipts $1.8B (2020) #54 / 165 median $705M · 2.6×
Health & education
Life expectancy 79.8 years (2024) #36 / 169 median 73.8 years · 1.1×
Infant mortality 12.0‰ (2024) #90 / 166 median 13.1‰ · 92%
Under-five mortality 15.3‰ (2024) #86 / 166 median 15.8‰ · 97%
DPT immunization 72.0% (2024) #138 / 166 median 90.5% · 80%
Hospital beds 2.0 per 1,000 (2023) #88 / 167 median 2.0 per 1,000 · 97%
Health spending share of GDP 8.3% (2023) #48 / 165 median 6.5% · 1.3×
Secondary school enrollment 76.6% (2017) #113 / 167 median 90.5% · 85%
Education spending share of GDP 2.5% (2023) #140 / 165 median 4.1% · 60%
Society & living
Human Development Index 0.839 (2023) #49 / 165 median 0.754 · 1.1×
Internet users 72.8% (2024) #100 / 169 median 81.5% · 89%
Mobile subscriptions 156.6 per 100 (2023) #19 / 169 median 116.4 per 100 · 1.3×
Fixed broadband 18.1 per 100 (2023) #69 / 168 median 12.1 per 100 · 1.5×
Electricity access 96.0% (2024) #107 / 169 median 99.9% · 96%
Environment & security
CO₂ emissions per capita 2.7 t (2024) #81 / 165 median 2.6 t · 1.0×
CO₂ emissions (total) derived 12.4 Mt (2024) #98 / 165 median 21.3 Mt · 58%
Renewable electricity share 79.3% (2021) #32 / 169 median 34.1% · 2.3×
Renewable energy consumption 28.0% (2021) #79 / 169 median 26.9% · 1.0×
Forest area 56.3% (2023) #26 / 169 median 32.4% · 1.7×
Agricultural land 29.5% (2023) #112 / 169 median 41.7% · 71%
Arable land 7.6% (2023) #98 / 168 median 11.0% · 69%
PM2.5 exposure 15.1 µg/m³ (2023) #114 / 168 median 19.8 µg/m³ · 76%
Military spending 1.0% (1999) #120 / 157 median 1.8% · 54%

Ranks are value-descending and count only the countries that have data for that metric (#1 = highest value); N/A rows occupy no rank.

The median is the unweighted middle value across the countries with data (gold tick) — not a world average. Bars grow with the value: reaching the tick means matching the median, and a full bar means twice the median or more. The median value and this country's multiple are noted under each bar.

Panama's true-shape outline

Panama's border outline from Natural Earth 1:110m boundaries — total surface area 75,594 km².

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Data & method

Indicators: World Bank Open Data, 43 indicators — CC BY 4.0 © World Bank — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/; Human Development Index — CC BY 3.0 IGO © United Nations Development Programme — https://hdr.undp.org/terms-use

Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:110m (public domain); surface areas are computed with an equal-area spherical formula (Chamberlin–Duquette).

Reference facts (capital, languages, currencies, subregion): mledoze/countries (ODbL).