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Country profile

Latvia

At a glance

  • Latvia has a population of about 1.8M; its total GDP of $48.6B ranks #97 of 168 countries with data.
  • Its surface area of 63,611 km² is about 33% of the world median of 190,157 km².
  • Under-five mortality stands out most against the median: 2.5‰ — rank #157 of 166 countries with data.

Latvia: all 46 metrics vs the world median

Metric Value Rank vs median
Population & land
Population 1.8M (2025) #148 / 169 median 11.5M · 16%
Population growth -1.0% (2025) #167 / 169 N/A
Urban population share 68.6% (2025) #71 / 169 median 63.8% · 1.1×
Population aged 65+ 22.2% (2025) #14 / 169 median 7.4% · 3.0×
Fertility rate 1.2 (2024) #155 / 169 median 2.1 · 59%
Birth rate 6.9‰ (2024) #159 / 169 median 16.0‰ · 43%
Death rate 14.3‰ (2024) #3 / 169 median 7.1‰ · 2.0×
Net migration -7.3K (2025) #98 / 169 N/A
Surface area 63,611 km² #124 / 176 median 190,157 km² · 33%
Population density derived 29.0/km² (2025) #127 / 169 median 73.2/km² · 40%
Economy
GDP (total) $48.6B (2025) #97 / 168 median $80.7B · 60%
GDP per capita $26,312 (2025) #44 / 168 median $6,834 · 3.8×
GNI per capita $24,980 (2025) #44 / 168 median $6,350 · 3.9×
GDP growth (annual) 2.1% (2025) #108 / 168 median 3.1% · 70%
Inflation rate 3.7% (2025) #69 / 162 median 3.3% · 1.1×
Unemployment rate 6.6% (2025) #62 / 168 median 5.1% · 1.3×
Gini index 34.0 (2023) #85 / 153 median 35.3 · 96%
Poverty rate ($2.15/day) 0.4% (2023) #115 / 153 median 2.5% · 16%
Trade & industry
Exports share of GDP 62.6% (2025) #27 / 163 median 35.0% · 1.8×
Imports share of GDP 67.2% (2025) #26 / 163 median 40.2% · 1.7×
Agriculture share of GDP 4.0% (2025) #105 / 168 median 7.2% · 56%
Manufacturing share of GDP 10.0% (2025) #96 / 165 median 11.2% · 89%
International tourist arrivals 3.2M (2020) #48 / 162 median 1.1M · 2.8×
Tourism receipts $880M (2007) #78 / 165 median $705M · 1.2×
Health & education
Life expectancy 76.4 years (2024) #67 / 169 median 73.8 years · 1.0×
Infant mortality 2.2‰ (2024) #155 / 166 median 13.1‰ · 17%
Under-five mortality 2.5‰ (2024) #157 / 166 median 15.8‰ · 16%
DPT immunization 97.0% (2024) #26 / 166 median 90.5% · 1.1×
Hospital beds 5.0 per 1,000 (2023) #25 / 167 median 2.0 per 1,000 · 2.5×
Health spending share of GDP 7.3% (2023) #70 / 165 median 6.5% · 1.1×
Secondary school enrollment 101.3% (2024) #44 / 167 median 90.5% · 1.1×
Education spending share of GDP 4.3% (2022) #74 / 165 median 4.1% · 1.0×
Society & living
Human Development Index 0.889 (2023) #35 / 165 median 0.754 · 1.2×
Internet users 92.7% (2024) #33 / 169 median 81.5% · 1.1×
Mobile subscriptions 121.3 per 100 (2024) #70 / 169 median 116.4 per 100 · 1.0×
Fixed broadband 25.8 per 100 (2024) #53 / 168 median 12.1 per 100 · 2.1×
Electricity access 100.0% (2024) #41 / 169 median 99.9% · 1.0×
Environment & security
CO₂ emissions per capita 3.6 t (2024) #68 / 165 median 2.6 t · 1.4×
CO₂ emissions (total) derived 6.8 Mt (2024) #125 / 165 median 21.3 Mt · 32%
Renewable electricity share 63.6% (2021) #48 / 169 median 34.1% · 1.9×
Renewable energy consumption 44.0% (2021) #54 / 169 median 26.9% · 1.6×
Forest area 55.0% (2023) #31 / 169 median 32.4% · 1.7×
Agricultural land 31.7% (2023) #107 / 169 median 41.7% · 76%
Arable land 21.9% (2023) #44 / 168 median 11.0% · 2.0×
PM2.5 exposure 13.0 µg/m³ (2023) #130 / 168 median 19.8 µg/m³ · 66%
Military spending 3.3% (2024) #27 / 157 median 1.8% · 1.8×

Ranks are value-descending and count only the countries that have data for that metric (#1 = highest value); N/A rows occupy no rank.

The median is the unweighted middle value across the countries with data (gold tick) — not a world average. Bars grow with the value: reaching the tick means matching the median, and a full bar means twice the median or more. The median value and this country's multiple are noted under each bar.

Latvia's true-shape outline

Latvia's border outline from Natural Earth 1:110m boundaries — total surface area 63,611 km².

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Data & method

Indicators: World Bank Open Data, 43 indicators — CC BY 4.0 © World Bank — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/; Human Development Index — CC BY 3.0 IGO © United Nations Development Programme — https://hdr.undp.org/terms-use

Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:110m (public domain); surface areas are computed with an equal-area spherical formula (Chamberlin–Duquette).

Reference facts (capital, languages, currencies, subregion): mledoze/countries (ODbL).