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Country profile

Kazakhstan

At a glance

  • Kazakhstan has a population of about 20.8M; its total GDP of $306.2B ranks #47 of 168 countries with data.
  • Its surface area of 2,720,653 km² is about 14× the world median of 190,157 km².
  • Forest area stands out most against the median: 1.3% — rank #154 of 169 countries with data.

Kazakhstan: all 46 metrics vs the world median

Metric Value Rank vs median
Population & land
Population 20.8M (2025) #64 / 169 median 11.5M · 1.8×
Population growth 1.2% (2025) #78 / 169 median 1.1% · 1.1×
Urban population share 62.4% (2025) #92 / 169 median 63.8% · 98%
Population aged 65+ 9.0% (2025) #73 / 169 median 7.4% · 1.2×
Fertility rate 3.0 (2024) #50 / 169 median 2.1 · 1.4×
Birth rate 19.5‰ (2024) #68 / 169 median 16.0‰ · 1.2×
Death rate 6.7‰ (2024) #98 / 169 median 7.1‰ · 94%
Net migration -8.8K (2025) #103 / 169 N/A
Surface area 2,720,653 km² #10 / 176 median 190,157 km² · 14×
Population density derived 7.7/km² (2025) #158 / 169 median 73.2/km² · 10%
Economy
GDP (total) $306.2B (2025) #47 / 168 median $80.7B · 3.8×
GDP per capita $14,692 (2025) #59 / 168 median $6,834 · 2.1×
GNI per capita $13,740 (2025) #59 / 168 median $6,350 · 2.2×
GDP growth (annual) 6.5% (2025) #23 / 168 median 3.1% · 2.1×
Inflation rate 11.4% (2025) #22 / 162 median 3.3% · 3.4×
Unemployment rate 4.8% (2025) #96 / 168 median 5.1% · 93%
Gini index 29.2 (2021) #130 / 153 median 35.3 · 83%
Poverty rate ($2.15/day) 0.0% (2021) #147 / 153 N/A
Trade & industry
Exports share of GDP 31.6% (2024) #92 / 163 median 35.0% · 90%
Imports share of GDP 25.6% (2024) #129 / 163 median 40.2% · 64%
Agriculture share of GDP 3.7% (2025) #108 / 168 median 7.2% · 52%
Manufacturing share of GDP 12.7% (2025) #66 / 165 median 11.2% · 1.1×
International tourist arrivals 2M (2020) #59 / 162 median 1.1M · 1.8×
Tourism receipts $589M (2020) #88 / 165 median $705M · 84%
Health & education
Life expectancy 74.5 years (2024) #81 / 169 median 73.8 years · 1.0×
Infant mortality 7.4‰ (2024) #113 / 166 median 13.1‰ · 57%
Under-five mortality 9.4‰ (2024) #109 / 166 median 15.8‰ · 60%
DPT immunization 98.0% (2024) #18 / 166 median 90.5% · 1.1×
Hospital beds 6.5 per 1,000 (2020) #14 / 167 median 2.0 per 1,000 · 3.2×
Health spending share of GDP 3.8% (2023) #133 / 165 median 6.5% · 58%
Secondary school enrollment 97.6% (2025) #55 / 167 median 90.5% · 1.1×
Education spending share of GDP 4.9% (2023) #55 / 165 median 4.1% · 1.2×
Society & living
Human Development Index 0.837 (2023) #51 / 165 median 0.754 · 1.1×
Internet users 93.4% (2024) #31 / 169 median 81.5% · 1.1×
Mobile subscriptions 127.1 per 100 (2024) #51 / 169 median 116.4 per 100 · 1.1×
Fixed broadband 15.3 per 100 (2024) #75 / 168 median 12.1 per 100 · 1.3×
Electricity access 100.0% (2024) #38 / 169 median 99.9% · 1.0×
Environment & security
CO₂ emissions per capita 12.6 t (2024) #13 / 165 median 2.6 t · 4.8×
CO₂ emissions (total) derived 259 Mt (2024) #25 / 165 median 21.3 Mt · 12×
Renewable electricity share 11.0% (2021) #129 / 169 median 34.1% · 32%
Renewable energy consumption 2.0% (2021) #154 / 169 median 26.9% · 7%
Forest area 1.3% (2023) #154 / 169 median 32.4% · 4%
Agricultural land 79.4% (2023) #7 / 169 median 41.7% · 1.9×
Arable land 11.0% (2023) #85 / 168 median 11.0% · 100%
PM2.5 exposure 19.6 µg/m³ (2023) #86 / 168 median 19.8 µg/m³ · 99%
Military spending 0.4% (2024) #150 / 157 median 1.8% · 24%

Ranks are value-descending and count only the countries that have data for that metric (#1 = highest value); N/A rows occupy no rank.

The median is the unweighted middle value across the countries with data (gold tick) — not a world average. Bars grow with the value: reaching the tick means matching the median, and a full bar means twice the median or more. The median value and this country's multiple are noted under each bar.

Kazakhstan's true-shape outline

Kazakhstan's border outline from Natural Earth 1:110m boundaries — total surface area 2,720,653 km².

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Data & method

Indicators: World Bank Open Data, 43 indicators — CC BY 4.0 © World Bank — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/; Human Development Index — CC BY 3.0 IGO © United Nations Development Programme — https://hdr.undp.org/terms-use

Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:110m (public domain); surface areas are computed with an equal-area spherical formula (Chamberlin–Duquette).

Reference facts (capital, languages, currencies, subregion): mledoze/countries (ODbL).