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Country profile

Turkey

At a glance

  • Turkey has a population of about 85.9M; its total GDP of $1.6T ranks #16 of 168 countries with data.
  • Its surface area of 797,968 km² is about 4.2× the world median of 190,157 km².
  • CO₂ emissions (total) stands out most against the median: 460 Mt — rank #14 of 165 countries with data.

Turkey: all 46 metrics vs the world median

Metric Value Rank vs median
Population & land
Population 85.9M (2025) #18 / 169 median 11.5M · 7.5×
Population growth 0.4% (2025) #125 / 169 median 1.1% · 38%
Urban population share 89.5% (2025) #14 / 169 median 63.8% · 1.4×
Population aged 65+ 10.6% (2025) #64 / 169 median 7.4% · 1.4×
Fertility rate 1.5 (2024) #124 / 169 median 2.1 · 71%
Birth rate 11.0‰ (2024) #113 / 169 median 16.0‰ · 69%
Death rate 5.7‰ (2024) #133 / 169 median 7.1‰ · 80%
Net migration -258.2K (2025) #161 / 169 N/A
Surface area 797,968 km² #39 / 176 median 190,157 km² · 4.2×
Population density derived 108/km² (2025) #58 / 169 median 73.2/km² · 1.5×
Economy
GDP (total) $1.6T (2025) #16 / 168 median $80.7B · 20×
GDP per capita $18,599 (2025) #53 / 168 median $6,834 · 2.7×
GNI per capita $16,300 (2025) #54 / 168 median $6,350 · 2.6×
GDP growth (annual) 3.6% (2025) #73 / 168 median 3.1% · 1.2×
Inflation rate 34.9% (2025) #7 / 162 median 3.3% · 11×
Unemployment rate 8.5% (2025) #44 / 168 median 5.1% · 1.7×
Gini index 43.7 (2023) #24 / 153 median 35.3 · 1.2×
Poverty rate ($2.15/day) 0.2% (2023) #128 / 153 median 2.5% · 8%
Trade & industry
Exports share of GDP 24.8% (2025) #110 / 163 median 35.0% · 71%
Imports share of GDP 25.1% (2025) #132 / 163 median 40.2% · 62%
Agriculture share of GDP 5.2% (2025) #99 / 168 median 7.2% · 73%
Manufacturing share of GDP 16.8% (2024) #32 / 165 median 11.2% · 1.5×
International tourist arrivals 16M (2020) #15 / 162 median 1.1M · 14×
Tourism receipts $13.8B (2020) #14 / 165 median $705M · 20×
Health & education
Life expectancy 77.4 years (2024) #58 / 169 median 73.8 years · 1.0×
Infant mortality 8.0‰ (2024) #108 / 166 median 13.1‰ · 61%
Under-five mortality 9.6‰ (2024) #107 / 166 median 15.8‰ · 61%
DPT immunization 99.0% (2024) #12 / 166 median 90.5% · 1.1×
Hospital beds 3.1 per 1,000 (2023) #53 / 167 median 2.0 per 1,000 · 1.5×
Health spending share of GDP 4.3% (2023) #123 / 165 median 6.5% · 65%
Secondary school enrollment 118.4% (2023) #14 / 167 median 90.5% · 1.3×
Education spending share of GDP 3.1% (2022) #121 / 165 median 4.1% · 75%
Society & living
Human Development Index 0.853 (2023) #44 / 165 median 0.754 · 1.1×
Internet users 89.8% (2025) #49 / 169 median 81.5% · 1.1×
Mobile subscriptions 107.8 per 100 (2024) #106 / 169 median 116.4 per 100 · 93%
Fixed broadband 23.4 per 100 (2024) #60 / 168 median 12.1 per 100 · 1.9×
Electricity access 100.0% (2024) #74 / 169 median 99.9% · 1.0×
Environment & security
CO₂ emissions per capita 5.4 t (2024) #43 / 165 median 2.6 t · 2.0×
CO₂ emissions (total) derived 460 Mt (2024) #14 / 165 median 21.3 Mt · 22×
Renewable electricity share 35.4% (2021) #81 / 169 median 34.1% · 1.0×
Renewable energy consumption 12.0% (2021) #127 / 169 median 26.9% · 45%
Forest area 29.5% (2023) #90 / 169 median 32.4% · 91%
Agricultural land 50.1% (2023) #56 / 169 median 41.7% · 1.2×
Arable land 26.3% (2023) #33 / 168 median 11.0% · 2.4×
PM2.5 exposure 26.4 µg/m³ (2023) #58 / 168 median 19.8 µg/m³ · 1.3×
Military spending 1.9% (2024) #69 / 157 median 1.8% · 1.1×

Ranks are value-descending and count only the countries that have data for that metric (#1 = highest value); N/A rows occupy no rank.

The median is the unweighted middle value across the countries with data (gold tick) — not a world average. Bars grow with the value: reaching the tick means matching the median, and a full bar means twice the median or more. The median value and this country's multiple are noted under each bar.

Turkey's true-shape outline

Turkey's border outline from Natural Earth 1:110m boundaries — total surface area 797,968 km².

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Data & method

Indicators: World Bank Open Data, 43 indicators — CC BY 4.0 © World Bank — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/; Human Development Index — CC BY 3.0 IGO © United Nations Development Programme — https://hdr.undp.org/terms-use

Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:110m (public domain); surface areas are computed with an equal-area spherical formula (Chamberlin–Duquette).

Reference facts (capital, languages, currencies, subregion): mledoze/countries (ODbL).