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Rankings

PM2.5 exposure by country — world rankings

Ranking 168 countries with data.

PM2.5 exposure

Rank Country Value
1 Qatar 107.8 µg/m³ (2023)
2 Saudi Arabia 73.5 µg/m³ (2023)
3 Bangladesh 69.3 µg/m³ (2023)
4 Nigeria 65.7 µg/m³ (2023)
5 Niger 65.2 µg/m³ (2023)
6 Kuwait 62.3 µg/m³ (2023)
7 Pakistan 58.4 µg/m³ (2023)
8 United Arab Emirates 57.2 µg/m³ (2023)
9 Cameroon 55.6 µg/m³ (2023)
10 India 54.1 µg/m³ (2023)
11 Nepal 53.2 µg/m³ (2023)
12 Iraq 49.5 µg/m³ (2023)
13 Oman 46.9 µg/m³ (2023)
14 Yemen 46.8 µg/m³ (2023)
15 Mauritania 46.5 µg/m³ (2023)
16 Egypt 43.1 µg/m³ (2023)
17 Chad 43.0 µg/m³ (2023)
18 Mongolia 42.7 µg/m³ (2023)
19 Eq. Guinea 42.2 µg/m³ (2023)
20 Senegal 41.6 µg/m³ (2023)
21 Djibouti 40.3 µg/m³ (2023)
22 Iran 40.2 µg/m³ (2023)
23 Benin 39.7 µg/m³ (2023)
24 Gambia 38.3 µg/m³ (2023)
25 Afghanistan 37.9 µg/m³ (2023)
26 Sudan 37.6 µg/m³ (2023)
27 Burkina Faso 37.3 µg/m³ (2023)
28 Congo 36.5 µg/m³ (2023)
29 Rwanda 36.0 µg/m³ (2023)
30 Dem. Rep. Congo 35.8 µg/m³ (2023)
31 Burundi 35.7 µg/m³ (2023)
32 Mali 35.5 µg/m³ (2023)
33 Myanmar 35.1 µg/m³ (2023)
34 Togo 34.3 µg/m³ (2023)
35 Eritrea 33.7 µg/m³ (2023)
36 Tajikistan 33.3 µg/m³ (2023)
37 Central African Rep. 33.3 µg/m³ (2023)
38 Uzbekistan 32.8 µg/m³ (2023)
39 Jordan 32.6 µg/m³ (2023)
40 Guinea-Bissau 32.3 µg/m³ (2023)
41 Syria 32.1 µg/m³ (2023)
42 China 32.0 µg/m³ (2023)
43 Gabon 31.3 µg/m³ (2023)
44 Turkmenistan 31.2 µg/m³ (2023)
45 Uganda 31.2 µg/m³ (2023)
46 Peru 31.1 µg/m³ (2023)
47 Honduras 30.7 µg/m³ (2023)
48 Bhutan 30.1 µg/m³ (2023)
49 Guatemala 29.7 µg/m³ (2023)
50 El Salvador 29.6 µg/m³ (2023)
51 Armenia 28.6 µg/m³ (2023)
52 Ghana 28.1 µg/m³ (2023)
53 Bolivia 28.1 µg/m³ (2023)
54 South Africa 27.7 µg/m³ (2023)
55 Guinea 27.3 µg/m³ (2023)
56 Lebanon 26.7 µg/m³ (2023)
57 Lesotho 26.4 µg/m³ (2023)
58 Turkey 26.4 µg/m³ (2023)
59 Bosnia and Herz. 26.1 µg/m³ (2023)
60 Laos 26.0 µg/m³ (2023)
61 Vietnam 24.8 µg/m³ (2023)
62 Ethiopia 23.8 µg/m³ (2023)
63 Azerbaijan 23.7 µg/m³ (2023)
64 S. Sudan 23.7 µg/m³ (2023)
65 Thailand 23.5 µg/m³ (2023)
66 Chile 23.1 µg/m³ (2023)
67 Sri Lanka 22.7 µg/m³ (2023)
68 Sierra Leone 22.5 µg/m³ (2023)
69 Palestine 22.4 µg/m³ (2023)
70 Philippines 22.2 µg/m³ (2023)
71 Israel 21.9 µg/m³ (2023)
72 South Korea 21.9 µg/m³ (2023)
73 Macedonia 21.8 µg/m³ (2023)
74 North Korea 21.8 µg/m³ (2023)
75 Jamaica 21.7 µg/m³ (2023)
76 Indonesia 20.8 µg/m³ (2023)
77 Nicaragua 20.4 µg/m³ (2023)
78 Côte d'Ivoire 20.4 µg/m³ (2023)
79 Kenya 20.3 µg/m³ (2023)
80 Zambia 20.2 µg/m³ (2023)
81 Tanzania 20.2 µg/m³ (2023)
82 Kyrgyzstan 20.1 µg/m³ (2023)
83 Libya 20.0 µg/m³ (2023)
84 Angola 19.9 µg/m³ (2023)
85 Bulgaria 19.7 µg/m³ (2023)
86 Kazakhstan 19.6 µg/m³ (2023)
87 Cambodia 19.4 µg/m³ (2023)
88 Serbia 19.3 µg/m³ (2023)
89 Venezuela 19.2 µg/m³ (2023)
90 Tunisia 18.9 µg/m³ (2023)
91 Morocco 18.7 µg/m³ (2023)
92 Ecuador 18.6 µg/m³ (2023)
93 Georgia 18.6 µg/m³ (2023)
94 Somalia 18.5 µg/m³ (2023)
95 Montenegro 18.5 µg/m³ (2023)
96 Colombia 18.4 µg/m³ (2023)
97 Liberia 17.9 µg/m³ (2023)
98 Costa Rica 17.7 µg/m³ (2023)
99 Guyana 16.9 µg/m³ (2023)
100 Belize 16.8 µg/m³ (2023)
101 eSwatini 16.7 µg/m³ (2023)
102 Malawi 16.7 µg/m³ (2023)
103 Mexico 16.6 µg/m³ (2023)
104 Algeria 16.5 µg/m³ (2023)
105 Poland 16.5 µg/m³ (2023)
106 Cyprus 16.1 µg/m³ (2023)
107 Romania 16.0 µg/m³ (2023)
108 Malaysia 15.9 µg/m³ (2023)
109 Haiti 15.8 µg/m³ (2023)
110 Croatia 15.8 µg/m³ (2023)
111 Suriname 15.7 µg/m³ (2023)
112 Albania 15.5 µg/m³ (2023)
113 Paraguay 15.3 µg/m³ (2023)
114 Panama 15.1 µg/m³ (2023)
115 Zimbabwe 15.0 µg/m³ (2023)
116 Moldova 14.9 µg/m³ (2023)
117 Ukraine 14.9 µg/m³ (2023)
118 Argentina 14.3 µg/m³ (2023)
119 Italy 14.3 µg/m³ (2023)
120 Namibia 14.2 µg/m³ (2023)
121 Greece 14.1 µg/m³ (2023)
122 Papua New Guinea 14.1 µg/m³ (2023)
123 Trinidad and Tobago 13.8 µg/m³ (2023)
124 Mozambique 13.7 µg/m³ (2023)
125 Slovakia 13.7 µg/m³ (2023)
126 Hungary 13.7 µg/m³ (2023)
127 Dominican Rep. 13.5 µg/m³ (2023)
128 Brazil 13.4 µg/m³ (2023)
129 Botswana 13.2 µg/m³ (2023)
130 Latvia 13.0 µg/m³ (2023)
131 Czechia 12.7 µg/m³ (2023)
132 Slovenia 12.6 µg/m³ (2023)
133 Madagascar 12.4 µg/m³ (2023)
134 Timor-Leste 12.0 µg/m³ (2023)
135 Belarus 12.0 µg/m³ (2023)
136 Russia 11.6 µg/m³ (2023)
137 Japan 11.5 µg/m³ (2023)
138 Uruguay 10.9 µg/m³ (2023)
139 Lithuania 10.7 µg/m³ (2023)
140 Spain 10.1 µg/m³ (2023)
141 Austria 10.0 µg/m³ (2023)
142 Solomon Is. 9.8 µg/m³ (2023)
143 United Kingdom 9.5 µg/m³ (2023)
144 Cuba 9.4 µg/m³ (2023)
145 Germany 8.8 µg/m³ (2023)
146 Portugal 8.8 µg/m³ (2023)
147 Netherlands 8.6 µg/m³ (2023)
148 Belgium 8.4 µg/m³ (2023)
149 Switzerland 8.3 µg/m³ (2023)
150 France 8.2 µg/m³ (2023)
151 Puerto Rico 7.8 µg/m³ (2023)
152 Brunei 7.6 µg/m³ (2023)
153 Ireland 7.5 µg/m³ (2023)
154 Denmark 7.5 µg/m³ (2023)
155 Luxembourg 7.4 µg/m³ (2023)
156 Vanuatu 7.0 µg/m³ (2023)
157 United States 7.0 µg/m³ (2023)
158 New Zealand 6.9 µg/m³ (2023)
159 Canada 6.6 µg/m³ (2023)
160 Fiji 6.4 µg/m³ (2023)
161 Australia 6.4 µg/m³ (2023)
162 Estonia 5.9 µg/m³ (2023)
163 Norway 5.5 µg/m³ (2023)
164 Bahamas 5.3 µg/m³ (2023)
165 Sweden 5.3 µg/m³ (2023)
166 Iceland 4.9 µg/m³ (2023)
167 Finland 4.6 µg/m³ (2023)
168 Greenland 1.6 µg/m³ (2023)

Ordered by value, highest first (ties break by country slug). Countries without data for this metric are not listed — they occupy no rank.

Surface area is computed from Natural Earth 1:110m boundaries with an equal-area spherical formula — not the World Bank's land-area figure; population density is our own derived metric (latest population ÷ that area).

The unweighted median across the 168 countries with data is 19.8 µg/m³ — shown for context, not a world average.

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Data & method

Indicators: World Bank Open Data, 43 indicators — CC BY 4.0 © World Bank — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/; Human Development Index — CC BY 3.0 IGO © United Nations Development Programme — https://hdr.undp.org/terms-use

Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:110m (public domain); surface areas are computed with an equal-area spherical formula (Chamberlin–Duquette).

Reference facts (capital, languages, currencies, subregion): mledoze/countries (ODbL).